Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001The Effect of Telephone Counseling and Education on Breast Cancer Screening in Family Caregivers of Breast Cancer Patients30631640796ENKhadijehNasirianiResearch Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, IranMonirehMotevasselianDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, IranFarahnazFarniaResearch Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, IranSeyed MostafaShiryazdiDepartment of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, IranMahsaKhodayarianDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, IranJournal Article20160507Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of malignancy among females. Family history is a key risk factor for breast cancer. Breast cancer screening practices are vital in patients with family history of breast cancer. Telephone counseling and education may be appropriate for improved breast cancer screening. This study was done to determine family caregiver patients’ knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer and practice of breast cancer screening and also to assess the effect of telephone counseling and education on mammography screening.Methods: This study was a community-based trial. The participants of the study were 90 caregivers who were randomly divided into an experimental group, telephone counseling and education, and a control group. The intervention group received counseling and education phone calls. A three-section questionnaire was responded and filled out through telephone interviews with the participants. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS18, using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results showed that 88.9% of the participants did not know when to do breast self-exam (BSE). Mammography was performed by the participants before and after the telephone counseling in intervention group (P<0.00), which were 13.3% and 77.8% respectively). Moreover, the major cause of failure to participate in mammography was lack of enough knowledge in 73.3% of the participants.Conclusion: This study concluded that knowledge and practice on breast cancer screening in family caregiver of breast cancer patients was low. Telephone counseling and educating may provide a suitable technique for earlier detection of breast cancer in family caregivers of breast cancer patients and it can influence the decision making regarding mammography screening among 40-year-old or older women. Trial Registration Number: 2017052316870N3Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Understanding the Contextual Factors Affecting Women’s Health in Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran: A Qualitative Study31732840799ENNasrinRezaeeCommunity Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranAlirezaSalarCommunity Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranFereshtehGhaljaeiPregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranNaimehSeyedfatemCenter for Nursing Care Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNedaRezaeiCenter of Applied Linguistics & Translation Studies, Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad, IndiaJournal Article20160827Background: Contextual factors impact health the same way social and cultural conditions do. Women’s health, with its varying dimensions, is also under the influence of biological, societal, and cultural contexts. This typical condition has been developed along the continuum of their life cycle, bearing close correlation with their lif style. Therefore, identifying those marices within which women’s health behaviors are formed is important.This study aims at exploring the contextual factors affecting women’s health in Sistan and Baluchestan in Iran.Methods: This study was carried out using a qualitative method, on a content analysis approach. Participants were 20 middle-aged women from Zahedan who entered the study with purposive sampling method. The method of collecting data was face-to- face and through conducting semi-structured interviews. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed, andreviewed, from which categories were extracted. The semantic similarities were revised and subcategories were identified, and then the related subcategories were arranged under one category.Results: Two main categories of “features of context-based structure” and “changes in the cultural context” prove to be the basis for health behaviors in women. As for the category of “characteristics of context-based structure”, individual, familial and environmental characteristics were identified, and regarding the category of “changes in the cultural context”, the context-based cultural features were identified.Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that effective contextual factors influencing women’s living conditions had a decisive role in their health behaviors. In fact, the context- based structure in association with the cultural changes that have occurred in the beliefs of men and women, have had a decisive role in the women’s health behaviors.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001The Effect of Emotional Focused Intervention on Spousal Emotional Abuse and Marital Satisfaction among Elderly Married Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial32934140800ENMaryamHazratiDepartment of Nursing Geriatric, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran0000-0003-3898-102XTengku AizanHamidMalaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, MalaysiaRahimahIbrahimMalaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, MalaysiaSiti AishahHassanDepartment of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, MalaysiaFarkhondehSharifCommunity Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-0710-8770ZahraBagheriDepartment of Biostatistics, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Shiraz IranJournal Article20161122Background: This study examined the impacts of an Emotional Focused Intervention on emotional abuse behaviors and marital satisfaction among the elderly married couples. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was carried out in Shiraz-Iran, during September 2013-2014. The elderly couples were invited to join an emotional focused intervention, following the advertisement and announcement on bulletin boards in the elderly day clinic centers and all governmental primary health care centers. Then, 57 couples (114 participants) who were eligible for study were assigned in two groups by block randomization (29 in the experimental and 28 in the control group(.The couples in the experimental group received intervention twice a week for four weeks. Each session lasted 90 minutes. The control group didn’t receive any intervention and the subjects were put in the waiting list. The outcome measures were evaluated by Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (MMEAQ) and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire for Older People (MSQFOP). Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to detect any significant changes between groups in their mean scores of emotional abuse behaviors and marital satisfaction from pre- to post-test, and 3 months after the intervention. Analysis of data was performed using SPSS, version 19, and P≤0.05 was measured as significant.Results: The mean duration of marriage was 39.56±9.64 years. In the experimental group, the abusive behaviors decreased significantly (P<0.001) at times 2 and 3 compared with time 1, and marital satisfaction improved significantly only at time 3 (P<0.001). These differences were not significant in the control group.Conclusion: Emotion-focused couple-based interventions are helpful in reducing the spousal emotional abuse and improving marital satisfaction in among the elderly couples.Trial Registration Number: 2013111715426N1Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Prediction of Adequate Prenatal Care Utilization Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model34235440801ENSepidehHajianDepartment of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemehImaniDepartment of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHedyehRiaziDepartment of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemehSalmaniDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161104Background: Pregnancy complications are one of the major public health concerns. One of the main causes of preventable complications is the absence of or inadequate provision of prenatal care. The present study was conducted to investigate whether Extended Parallel Process Model’s constructs can predict the utilization of prenatal care services. Methods: The present longitudinal prospective study was conducted on 192 pregnant women selected through the multi-stage sampling of health facilities in Qeshm, Hormozgan province, from April to June 2015. Participants were followed up from the first half of pregnancy until their childbirth to assess adequate or inadequate/non-utilization of prenatal care services. Data were collected using the structured Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale. The analysis of the data was carried out in SPSS-22 using one-way ANOVA, linear regression and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results: Totally, 178 pregnant women with a mean age of 25.31±5.42 completed the study. Perceived self-efficacy (OR=25.23; P<0.001) and perceived susceptibility (OR=0.048; P<0.001) were two predictors of the intention to utilize prenatal care. Husband’s occupation in the labor market (OR=0.43; P=0.02), unwanted pregnancy (OR=0.352; P<0.001), and the need to care for the minors or elderly at home (OR=0.35; P=0.045) were associated with lower odds of receiving prenatal care. Conclusion: The model showed that when perceived efficacy of the prenatal care services overcame the perceived threat, the likelihood of prenatal care usage will increase. This study identified some modifiable factors associated with prenatal care usage by women, providing key targets for appropriate clinical interventions.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Victims of Serious Motor Vehicle Accidents35536440802ENNaemaKhodadadi-HassankiadehDepartment of Community Health Nursing Group, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNahidDehghan NayeriNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1594-6790HoomanShahsavariDepartment of Medical- surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahrokhYousefzadeh-ChabokDepartment of Neurosurgery, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran; and Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, IranHamidHaghaniDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160913Background: Compelling evidence has shown that motor vehicle accidents have an enormous impact on mental health. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychological consequences in adult survivors of accidents, so it is important to understand the prevalence and predictors of this issue since delay causes damage to crucial daily functioning.This study aimed at investigating the prevalence and predictors of PTSD after motor vehicle accident.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 528 injured patients six weeks to six months after motor vehicle accident in Imam Reza Clinic of Poursina hospital, Rasht in 2015. Data collection tools were three questionnaires including post-traumatic stress-self report (PSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain. The data were analyzed in SPSS (Version 19) using Chi-square, Fischer’s exact test and multivariate logistic regression. Significance level was considered P≤0.05.Results: The prevalence of PTSD and depression was 30.49% and 19.89% in participants, respectively. Chi-square test indicated a significant relationship among age (P=0.02), sex (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), work status (P<0.001) and PTSD. Participants who reported pain (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.001) were more likely to have high score of PTSD than the others. Multivariate logistic regression showed this significance in sex, depression, age, educational status and pain, as constant risk factors in developing PTSD after accident.Conclusion: This study suggests that primary care setting should be readily prompted for diagnosis of these disorders in non-treatment seeking individuals in the community.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001The Effect of Aromatherapy Treatment on Fatigue and Relaxation for Mothers during the Early Puerperal Period in Japan: A Pilot Study36537540803ENKyokoAsazawaDepartment of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan0000-0002-0749-749XYoshihiroKatoDepartment of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, JapanAtsukoYamaguchiMaternity Ward ,Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, JapanAsakoInoueMaternity Ward ,Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, JapanJournal Article20161121Background: Early in the postpartum period, mothers are often nervous and tired from the delivery, breast-feeding and caring for a new-born. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process and outcome of using aromatherapy treatments to increase relaxation and decrease fatigue for mothers during the first to the seventh day of the postpartum period.Methods: This non-randomized controlled study with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate scores in relaxation and fatigue before and after the intervention. Aromatherapy hand treatments were performed on a purposive sample of 34 postpartum mothers in Tokyo, Japan, from May to July 2016. The single treatment included a choice of one of five essential aroma oils through hand and forearm massage. Relaxation and fatigue were measured by self-administered valid and reliable questionnaires. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to analyze the data before and after the intervention. The software programs SPSS, v. 23.0 (SPSS, Tokyo), was used to analyze the data, with the significance level set at 5%.Results: Valid responses were obtained from 29 participants. A comparison of the scores before and after aroma treatment intervention indicated that the participants’ relaxation scores increased significantly (P<0.001) and fatigue scores were significantly reduced (P<0.001). The majority of participants (77.8%) were satisfied with the treatment.Conclusion: The aroma treatments significantly improved relaxation and reduced fatigue for mothers in the early puerperal period and were well received. Therefore, a larger study using a pretest-posttest random control trial is recommended.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Barriers to Pap Smear Test for the Second Time in Women Referring to Health Care Centers in the South of Tehran: A Qualitative Approach37638540804ENLalehHassaniMother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran0000-0001-8446-0992TaherehDehdariDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEbrahimHajizadehDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDavoudShojaeizadehDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehrandokhtAbediniDepartment of Family Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IranSaharnazNedjatDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161220Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease with a regular screening program. Many studies have reported a large number of barriers that women had for the first time, but this study decided to find other barriers for the second time pap smear.Methods: In this qualitative research, data were gathered through in-depth interviews and expressed through conventional content analysis in the form of constant comparison. The participants were 15 women with family profile at 30 health care centers who lived in the south of Tehran and had done Pap smear for one time but didn’t do it for the second time. Results: Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: negative experiences of the first Pap test were as follows: results of the first time test, readiness for performing the test, getting the test itself, and the site of the first Pap test. Personal barriers to getting the second Pap test were: inattention to time, physical barriers to the second Pap test, and inhibitory beliefs. Perceived social barriers to getting the second Pap test with two sub-themes included social supports and abstract norms.Conclusion: This study provided other barriers about Pap smear including lack of the spouse’s support, the role of health care providers and physicians in screening program for early diagnosis in women.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Exploring the Position of Community-Based Nursing in Iran: A Qualitative Study38639640805ENHeshmatolahHeydariDepartment of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran0000-0002-3520-4199ZahraRahnavardDepartment of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemehGhaffariDepartment of Nursing, Ramsar Nursing Care Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran0000-0002-8667-2398Journal Article20170120Background: Community-based nursing focuses on providing health services to families and communities in the second and third levels of prevention and this can improve the individuals, families and communities’ quality of life, and reduce the healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to explore the status of community-based nursing in Iran.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from March to November 2015, in Tehran, Iran, using the content analysis approach. The study setting consisted of Iran and Tehran Faculties of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran. The purposive sampling method was used. Twenty faculty members and Master’s and PhD students were interviewed by using the face-to-face semi-structured interview method. Moreover, two focus groups were conducted for complementing and enriching the study data. The data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman’s approach to content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study findings was maintained by employing the Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of credibility, dependability, and confirmability.Results: In total, 580 codes were generated and categorized into three main categories of conventional services, the necessity for creating infrastructures, and multidimensional outcomes of community-based nursing.Conclusion: Introducing community-based nursing into nursing education curricula and creating ample job opportunities for community-based nurses seem clearly essential.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001The Relationship between Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviors in Emergency Medicine Personnel39740740806ENMansourPourhoseinzadehDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranMahinGheibizadehDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-3673-8715MehrnazMoradikalbolandDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranBahmanCheraghianDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000 0001 5446 6998Journal Article20170125Background: Health locus of control defined as individual beliefs based on past experiences in health issues and having external or internal control over them, could affect health. Health locus of control plays a role in health behaviors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between health locus of control and health behavior in emergency medical personnel in Ahvaz during 2016.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which began in August 2016 for a period of six months on 215 emergency medical personnel in Ahvaz who were selected randomly. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, Rotter’s locus of control questionnaire, and health behavior questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software, version 22. The correlation between variables was estimated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent t test. The level of significance for all statistical tests was set at 0.05.Results: We found no significant relationship between health locus of control (external and internal) and health behavior (P>0.05).Health behaviors were very good in terms of personal health (86.5%), nutrition (53%), and sleep and rest (48.4%), and poor in terms of physical activity (52.6%) and stress management (79.5%). Furthermore, 79.5% of the emergency personnel, in general, had poor heath behaviors. Conclusion: Leaders and officials in the field of health must necessarily design programs in relation to health locus of control and the factors developing and affecting it as well as the role of health locus of control in doing correct behaviors.Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Perceived Social Support and Maternal Competence in Primipara Women during Pregnancy and After Childbirth40841640807ENSaraEsmaelzadeh SaeiehSocial Determinations of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; and Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences,
Karaj, Iran0000-0002-9262-5002MitraRahimzadehSocial Determinations of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranMansoorehYazdkhastiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranShoukofehTorkashvandDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranJournal Article20170111Background: Developing maternal competence in first time mothers has a significant impact on neonate’s growth psychosocial development and neonates growth and psychological development. Social support can be an important element for becoming a new mother. We aimed to investigate how social support and maternal competence change during pregnancy and 4 months after it and examine the relationships among social support and maternal competence.Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 100 first time mothers attending health centers in Alborz city, Alborz Province, between February 2015 and January 2016. Data were collected through perceived social support questionnaire that consisted of 12 questions and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale consisting of 17 items scored based on Likert’s scale. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 16. Repeated-measure test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. PShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001Improving the Search Strategy of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis41741840797ENSougandTouraniDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAidinAryankhesalDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoudBehzadifarHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170517Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24765420171001The Authors’ Reply41942040798ENMohammadFarajzadehEmergency Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital of Saghez, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran;RezaGhanei GheshlaghClinical Care Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranKouroshSayehmiriDepartment of Biostatistics, Psychosocial Injury Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences,
Ilam, IranJournal Article20170917