@article { author = {Najafi, Sied Saeed and Rast, Fazlola and Momennasab, Marzieh and Ghazinoor, Mahmood and Dehghanrad, Fereshteh and Mousavizadeh, Sied Ali}, title = {The Effect of Massage Therapy by Patients’ Companions on Severity of Pain in the Patients Undergoing Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {128-135}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Pain on mid sternotomy incision site after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) is a common problem that causes sleep disturbance, delayed wound healing, and increased use of analgesic drugs. Massage therapy which is mostly performed by healthcare providers is a non-pharmacological approach for managing this pain. The present study aimed to determine the effect of massage therapy by patient’s companion on the severity of pain in post CABG patients.Methods: In this randomized single-blind clinical trial, 70 post CABG patients were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received massage by one of their relatives who was trained by an expert nurse. The control group, on the other hand, received routine care. The pain intensity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and immediately, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 16) and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc test (Scheffe).Results: At the beginning of the study, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the pain severity. In the intervention group, the pain severity significantly decreased in all the four time points after the intervention (P=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in this regard in the control group.Conclusion: Massage therapy by patient’s companion trained by a nurse was an effective strategy for pain management in post CABG patients. This could also promote the patient’s family participation in the process of care. Trial Registration Number: IRCT201208218505N3.}, keywords = {Massage Therapy,Companion,Pain,Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40669.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40669_ef502779e5bd6a71c13beab2b604d380.pdf} } @article { author = {Hakim, Ashrafalsadat and Bagheri, Roya}, title = {Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors in Ahvaz School Age Children in 2013}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {136-141}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The underlying cause of high blood pressure in adulthood is rooted in childhood. The evidence points to higher prevalence of hypertension among children in recent years. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of high blood pressure among Ahvaz children, as a sample of Iranian kids, and compare it with relevant reports from other countries. Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in various parts of Ahvaz city on school children aged 6-12 from March to June 2013. We measured the height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, using standardized methods. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥95 percentile for age and sex was identified as hypertension. To analyze the data, statistical tests such as Chi-square, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.Results: Overall, 1100 school children (564 boys and 536 girls) participated in the study. The highest level of blood pressure was found among obese children (26.4%) aged 11-12 years. Systolic blood pressure of 9.7% of children was in the pre-hypertension phase and 23.6% of them in the hypertensive phase. Also, with regards to diastolic pressure, 13.5% and 17.1% of the children had pre-hypertension and hypertension, respectively.Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of hypertension in school children in Ahvaz, we suggest developing a sustainable training program based on intervention for proper nutrition and physical activity in this age group to the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Pre Hypertension,prevalence,School Age Children}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40671.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40671_2b391b8891d0da067a637cc588978521.pdf} } @article { author = {Kaviani, Maasumeh and Saniee, Laleh and Azima, Sara and Sharif, Farkhondeh and Sayadi, Mehrab}, title = {The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Maternal Depression during Pregnancy: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {142-147}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Depression is one of the most debilitating disorders during pregnancy and its recovery and treatment are among the concerns of obstetrics and gynecology experts. The present study aimed to determine the effect of omega-3 supplement on mild depression during pregnancy among primiparous women. Method: In this double-blind clinical trial, 80 primiparous women were randomly divided into 2 groups of omega-3 and placebo. The experimental group received 1 g omega-3 capsules for 6 weeks. The study data were collected by completing Beck Depression Inventory before and 6 weeks after the intervention.Results: The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean score of depression before and after the intervention (P<0.001). Besides, the mean difference of depression score before and after the intervention was significantly higher in the omega-3 group (P<0.001).Conclusion: Considering the study results, using omega-3 supplement is a suitable method for recovery from mild depression during pregnancy with no complications for mothers and infants. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2012121011717}, keywords = {depression,Omega-3 Fatty Acid,Pregnancy}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40672.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40672_fadfebd02f3e0760d365fe573feed2c8.pdf} } @article { author = {Sharif, Farkhondeh and Parsnia, Azam and Mani, Arash and Vosoghi, Mehrdad and Setoodeh, Giti}, title = {Comparison of Personality Traits, Coping Styles, and Psychiatric Disorders in Adult Suicidal and Non-Suicidal Individuals}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {148-156}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Suicide is a major health problem accounting for 9% of all deaths. Thus, suicide prevention is of particular importance in high-risk groups. Taking care of the individuals who have committed suicide is also considered as a major problem for health professionals. In general, individuals’ personality and attitude toward problems are involved in the incidence of suicide. Human personality is an integrated but complex phenomenon characterized by its extensiveness and large variety of concepts. The present study aimed to evaluate personality traits and coping styles among suicidal and non-suicidal individuals referring to the hospitals and health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 suicidal patients and 100 non-suicidal individuals (mean age: 27.21 years) were randomly selected and matched in terms of demographic variables. All the participants completed Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness (NEO) personality questionnaire, Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire, and SCL-90-R. Then, the data were analyzed using T-test, chi-square test, and stepwise liner regression. Results: The study results showed that the highest scores in the case and control groups were related to neuroticism (32.35±3.21) and conscientiousness (36.87±3.26), respectively (P<0.001). The two groups were also compared with respect to the two main types of coping styles. In both coping styles, the mean scores of the control group were higher than those of the case group although the difference was only significant regarding the problem-focused coping style. Conclusion: The results revealed a significant relationship between coping styles and extroversion as well as nervousness. Nervousness and extraversion scores could predict the coping style. In addition, suicidal individuals obtained higher scores in nervousness and emotion-focused coping style compared to the control group. }, keywords = {Coping styles,Personality traits,Suicide}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40673.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40673_cc4bb7882f638c367f3452d096b4b6ee.pdf} } @article { author = {Kalateh Sadati, Ahmad and Iman, Mohammad Taghi and Bagheri Lankarani, Kamran}, title = {Medical Paraclinical Standards, Political Economy of Clinic, and Patients’ Clinical Dependency; A Critical Conversation Analysis of Clinical Counseling in South of Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {157-168}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Despite its benefits and importance, clinical counseling affects the patient both psychosocially and socially. Illness labeling not only leads to many problems for patient and his/her family but also it imposes high costs to health care system. Among various factors, doctor-patient relationship has an important role in the clinical counseling and its medical approach. The goal of this study is to evaluate the nature of clinical counseling based on critical approach.Methods: The context of research is the second major medical training center in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, Critical Conversation Analysis was used based on the methodologies of critical theories. Among about 50 consultation meetings digitally recorded, 33 were selected for this study.Results: Results show that the nature of doctor-patient relationship in these cases is based on paternalistic model. On the other hand, in all consultations, the important values that were legitimated with physicians were medical paraclinical standards. Paternalism in one hand and standardization on the other leads to dependency of patients to the clinic.Conclusion: Although we can’t condone the paraclinical standards, clinical counseling and doctor-patient relationship need to reduce its dominance over counseling based on interpretation of human relations, paying attention to social and economical differences of peoples and biosocial and biocultural differences, and focusing on clinical examinations. Also, we need to accept that medicine is an art of interaction that can’t reduce it to instrumental and linear methods of body treatment.}, keywords = {Doctor-Patient Relation,Clinic,Dependency,Political Economy}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40674.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40674_4e3a8d6b989f168a00f55eb96e25a7ad.pdf} } @article { author = {Jahanbin, Iran and Hoseini Moghadam, Mahboobeh and Nazarinia, Mohammad Ali and Ghodsbin, Fariba and Bagheri, Zahra and Ashraf, Ali Reza}, title = {The Effect of Conditioning Exercise on the Health Status and Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {169-176}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic and inflammatory disease of unknown etiology which is mostly characterized by inflammation of the synovial joints. Studies have proved that most people with RA avoid doing physical activities due to fear that it may worsen the pain or cause pressure on joints, resulting in decreased muscle strength and ultimately leading to disability of patients. We aimed to investigate the effects of conditioning exercises on the health status and pain in patients suffering from RA.Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 66 women with confirmed RA referred to the rheumatology clinic of Hafez hospital, Shiraz, southwest Iran during May-July 2013. Balanced block randomization method was used to randomize the participants into case and control groups (two groups of 33 each).Data were collected using visual analog scale (VAS), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 short form (AIMS2-SF), and demographic questionnaire. After obtaining written informed consent, the participants in the case group were asked to participate in conditioning exercise programs including aerobic, isometric, and isotonic exercises and received a training booklet explaining the exercises that they could do at home after the intervention.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the health status scores of the patients in the case groups before and after the intervention (P=0.001). The pain score also decreased significantly in the case group compared with the control group after the intervention (P=0.003).Conclusion: We concluded that physical training programs, especially conditioning exercises, could improve the health status and reduce pain in patients with RA.Trial Registration Number: IRCT201308187531N3}, keywords = {Rheumatoid Arthritis,Exercise,Pain,Health status}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40675.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40675_f05e60430cf66996443c6601f84bdec5.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezayat, Fatemeh and Dehghan Nayeri, Nahid}, title = {The Level of Depression and Assertiveness among Nursing Students}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {177-184}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Nursing students are susceptible to a higher risk of depression. Recognition of depression, assertiveness and the relationship between them is important since if a relationship exists, probably enhancing the level of assertiveness can reduce depression in this high risk group. We aimed to investigate depression and assertiveness levels and the relationship between them in nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: The target population of this cross-sectional study was bachelor nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, as the largest and one of the most prestigious Iranian universities. For selecting samples, the convenience sampling method was used. Having no previous information about classes, the researcher selected the students from the courses held while the researcher was present for sampling at the faculty and studied all the students willing to participate in the study in selected classes. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, Gambrill and Richey assertion inventory, and Beck’s depression inventory. SPSS software, version 16, was used to analyze the data. ANOVA and independent samples t test were used for as appropriated.Results: 55.6% of students indicated average and low levels of assertiveness and 38.7% were suffering from mild to severe depression. Pearson correlation test showed a significant inverse relationship (r=0.314 and P<0.001) between assertiveness and depression. There were significant relationships between depression and interest in the field of study (P=0.001) and between assertiveness and gender (P=0.035). Conclusion: There was an inverse significant relationship between depression and assertiveness among nursing students. We suggest a cohort study design that can determine the effect of these variables on each other completely.}, keywords = {depression,Assertiveness,Nursing Student}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40676.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40676_6641ce58abeeda15017112c254280b3e.pdf} } @article { author = {Soleimanii, Sara and Sharif, Farkhondeh and Mani, Arash and Keshavarzi, Sareh}, title = {The Effect of Conflict Resolution Training on Children’s Behavioral Problems in Shiraz, Southern Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {185-195}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: There is evidence that marital problems can contribute to child behavior problems. In fact, the way that parents solve their conflicts, such as aggression, physical violence, and poor communication skills, can eventually culminate in aggression and emotional problems in children. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of conflict resolution training on children’s behavioral problems in a sample of Iranian couples. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was carried out on the couples who referred to counseling centers in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 56 couples were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received 10 sessions of communication skills training. All the participants filled out conflict resolution questionnaire and Child Behavior Problem Checklist (CBCL). To analyze the data we used the SPSS statistical software (version 16), using repeated measurement test, paired t-test, and independent t test. Results: In this study, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the demographic characteristics. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean score of child behavior problems. Besides, a significant difference was found in the intervention group’s mean score of marital conflict in post-test compared to the pre-test; however, no such trend was observed in the control group.Conclusion: Conflict resolution skill training was effective in reducing marital conflict. Also, it showed a slight reduction in the score of child behavior problems after the intervention. But this reduction wasn’t statisticaly significant. Trial Registration Number: IRCT201109112812N2}, keywords = {Communication,Child Behavior Disorders,Marital Conflict}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40677.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40677_1ab1bc029f61b8cd684747ef581b12f6.pdf} } @article { author = {Salehi, Shayesteh and Ban, Maryam and Motaghi, Minoo}, title = {A Study of Head Lice Infestation (Pediculosis Capitis) among Primary School Students in the Villages of Abadan in 2012}, journal = {International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {196-200}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran}, issn = {2322-2476}, eissn = {2322-4835}, doi = {}, abstract = {Head lice contamination has a global distribution and it is regarded as a main health problem throughout the world. Given the importance of physical health of students and head lice prevalence at school age, we aimed to examine the rate of head lice contamination among primary school students in the villages of Abadan in 2012. In this descriptive study, 624 students were randomly selected from primary schools. The hair of all students under the study was examined by the researcher (community health nurse) and the result was registered in the checklist confidentially. Moreover, one questionnaire including personal and family information was filled out for each student. The obtained data were later analyzed in SPSS software, version 18, using statistical test Chi-square and central qualitative and distribution statistics. The frequency of lice contamination was 27 cases (4.33%) in total, all of whom were girls. Although the difference between the head lice contamination and gender was statistically significant (P=0.00), the difference between this contamination type and grade of students and their parents’ education and fathers’ occupation was not significance. The highest rate of contamination (6.73%) was, however, observed in fifth graders. All contaminations were seen in girls, which could be due to their longer hair or wearing scarf as compared with boys. Unfavorable health condition and regional hot weather can be effective as well. Therefore, it is essential to provide the students, especially girls, with health training.}, keywords = {Head Lice,Infestation,Pediculosis,Primary School}, url = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40670.html}, eprint = {https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_40670_e133ca90e33859544ad377bf7449db38.pdf} }