Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001The Effect of Abdominal Massage with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil on Constipation among Elderly Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial2682774761410.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88206.1495ENAmirFaghihiStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;0000-0002-0050-0203Sied SaeedNajafiDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, IranMohammad HashemHashempurNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, IranMajidNajafi KalyaniDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-7711-8184Journal Article20200920<strong>Background: </strong>Constipation is one of the most prevalent problems during old age. Abdominal massage is a complementary method in controlling constipation. This study is conducted with the aim of determining the effect of abdominal massage with extra-virgin olive oil on constipation among the elderly.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 54 old individuals in Shiraz nursing homes during November 2018-March 2019 were selected randomly and then allocated to three groups of 18, based on block randomization. The first group underwent abdominal massage with olive oil for five consecutive days (each day one time for 15 minutes). The second group underwent abdominal massage with water similar to the first group. No specific intervention was applied to the control group. All three groups received their medical treatment. The constipation scores were examined using constipation assessment scale (CAS) before the intervention and on the sixth day. Data analysis was done through SPSS 22 using Chi-square, paired t-test, and ANOVA. P˂0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups before the intervention. The results demonstrated that the mean score of constipation further decreased in the olive oil group (5.62±1.89 to 2.06±0.99) (P≤0.001) than the massage with water (5.05±1.25 to 3.11±0.99) (P=0.02), and the control group (4.44±1.38 to 5.22±1.35) (P=0.006).<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the greater effectiveness of abdominal massage with extra-virgin olive oil, the use of this method is recommended in treatment of constipation among the elderly.
<strong>Trial Registration Number:</strong> IRCT20180923041101N1https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47614_4531a780a4e5b3bd116bcc8c68cf2333.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001Perceived Barriers of Using Modern Family Planning Methods among Women in Jordan: A Qualitative Study2782884746010.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88675.1531ENKhulood K.ShattnawiDepartment of Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan;0000-0002-8601-5427Yousef S.KhaderDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan;0000-0002-7830-6857NihayaAl-SheyabDepartment of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science
and Technology, Jordan;0000-0002-6106-1099Mohammad S.AlyahyaDepartment of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and
Technology, Jordan;0000-0003-2345-4892KelleyReadyRay Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The
University of Texas at Austin, USA;YaraHalasa-RappelCommonwealth Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Senior Project Director, University
of Massachusetts, USAHeathPrinceRay Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The
University of Texas at Austin, USA;Journal Article20201022<strong>Background:</strong> Some cultural and social factors may discourage the use of modern family planning (MFP) methods. The purpose of this study was to better understand the barriers and social norms that might affect women’s ability to take optimal advantage of the free family planning services offered by the Jordanian Ministry of Health (MOH).<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> Using a qualitative descriptive design, 7 focus group discussions were conducted from January to February 2018, with a purposive sample of 52 married women. Each group consisted of 6-12 participants. Ethical approvals were obtained. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Data analysis revealed three main themes and four subthemes. The first theme ‘conforming to social and cultural norms’ included the following subthemes: ‘to conform to family and social pressure to bear children’ and ‘to prioritize having male children’. The second theme ‘unmet needs in expected family planning counselling’ included the following subthemes: ‘need for consistency across providers in family planning counselling’, and ‘need for follow-up counselling’. The third theme was the ‘undesirable side-effects’ of the MFP methods, which included both the ‘experienced’ and the ‘anticipated’ side effects.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study identified a number of women’s perceived barriers to using MFP methods. These included conforming to the social pressure, inconsistency of the counselling process, and undesirable side effects. Their perspectives should be carefully addressed in any family planning program.https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47460_e636ec619ecff37675ca220ea7a7f1a9.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001Comparison of The Effects of Cognitive Therapy and Logotherapy on Iranian Elderly People’s General Health2892994762510.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88217.1497ENAliRavariDeptartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research
Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran0000-0003-2569-6334TayebehMirzaeiDeptartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research
Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran0000-0001-8897-3744FatemehHosieniGeriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranElhamHassanshahiGeriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran0000-0002-4095-8008Journal Article20200922<strong>Background: </strong>Mental health promotion programs in the elderly are important. The main objective of the present study was to compare the effects of cognitive therapy andlogotherapy on the general health of elderly people who referred to health centers.<br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design using a control group. A sample of 90 elderly people was recruited from health centers located in Rafsanjan, between April 2017 and June 2017. 30 participants were considered in each group, separately (cognitive therapy (N=30), logotherapy (N=30), and control (N=30)). Cognitive therapy and logotherapy programs wereimplemented in eight 90-minute sessions, while people in the control group received neithercognitive therapy nor logotherapy. The demographic questionnaire was used at baseline. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used in two steps of pre-test and post-test. The study data were analyzed through independent t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and the Tukey’s post hoc tests; SPSS 18 was used to analyze the data, and p <strong>Results: </strong>The mean GHQ-28 total scores before the intervention in the cognitive therapy and logotherapy groups and control group were 52.53±2.55, 52.63±5.64, and 52.26±4.09, respectively, which were not significantly different (P=0.94). However, after the intervention these scores were 41.60±3.31, 40.46±3.97 and 51.93±4.22, respectively, and the difference between the two intervention groups and control group was statistically significant (p <0.001).There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups (P=0.49).<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Groupcognitive therapy is as effective as logotherapy in improving the elderly people’s general health.<br /> <strong> </strong>https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47625_d81090a674a053d40b96937d9dbffd4a.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001Experiences of the Patients with Behcet’s Syndrom from Adherence to Treatment: A Qualitative Content Analysis3003124761510.30476/ijcbnm.2021.89726.1640ENNarjes KhatonTaheriStudent Research Committee, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;0000-0003-4235-4395CamelliaTorabizadehCommunity Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;0000-0003-2193-5844ElhamAflakiAutoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;MehdiMohammadiDepartment of Administration and Educational Planning, School of Education Sciences and Psychology,
Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;ZahraKhademianDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-8366-204XJournal Article20210112<strong>Background:</strong> Adherence to treatment plays an important role in the effectiveness of treatment in patients with Behcet’s Syndrome (BS). An in-depth understanding of the experiences of patients with BS will help to improve the patients’ management. The present qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with BS from adherence to treatment.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This qualitative study was conducted during February-September 2019 at Shahid Motahari Behcet’s Clinic in Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected through eight unstructured observations and 22 individual in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 participants (15 patients with BS, three family members, and two rheumatologists). Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection, using the conventional content analysis as proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Data were managed using MAXQDA 10 software.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Data analysis resulted in 21 sub-categories, seven categories, and three themes. The themes included barriers to treatment adherence (inability to cope with treatment and challenges in access to health care), facilitators of treatment adherence (incentives, receiving support, and striving to adapt to illness), and missing aspects of the treatment program (inadequate patient education and the neglect of lifestyle modification).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The barriers to and facilitators of treatment adherence as well as the missing aspects of the treatment program of patients with BS were identified. Adherence to treatment is not only determined by the patients, but also affected by the support system and relies upon the existing context and the nature of the treatment plan. These parameters should be considered during patient management to effectively promote treatment adherence.https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47615_e5ee79d2a92d8a6f8c5ecc25595dfdc8.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001The Effect of Spiritual Counseling on Hope in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial3133244759710.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88605.1523ENMohammadAfsharTrauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;0000-0003-1326-6337ZohrehSadatTrauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;0000-0002-8408-0786MohammadBagheriDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran0000-0002-8449-8330Journal Article20201018<strong>Background: </strong>Spiritual practices have recently emerged as beneficial to both mental and physical health. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of spiritual counseling on hope among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>This single blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on the patients with MS in April-June 2020, Kashan, Iran. 50 patients were randomly assigned to two 25-member groups. The patients in the intervention group participated in eight 60-minute spiritual counseling program. They were asked to fill out the demographic information questionnaire before the intervention and Herth Hope Index (HHI) before, immediately (in the 4th week of the study) and a month after the intervention (in the 8th week of the study). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent samples t-test and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 16. The significance level was considered p <0.05.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the differences between the two groups before the intervention were not statistically significant in terms of demographic variables (P>0.05) and the mean score of hope (P=0.61). However, the total mean score of HHI in the intervention group was significantly different from the control group immediately and a month after the intervention (44.95±1.42 VS. 31.66±2.45 and 43.25±1.84 VS. 30.58±2.24), respectively (p <0.001). According to the results of the repeated measures ANOVA, the level of hope and its dimensions significantly changed in the intervention group over time (p <0.001).<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study showed that spiritual counseling promoted the hope score in patients with MS. It is recommended that spiritual counseling should be use as a complementary therapy along with other counseling treatments to increase hope in patients with MS.
<strong>Trial Registration Number:</strong> IRCT20190819044567N1https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47597_284bf1bf654d260cecefd9bb94b670fb.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes among Midwifery Diploma Students in Jordan: A Descriptive Study3253354735210.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88755.1542ENDialaAltwalbehDepartment of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Karak College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan0000-0001-6183-551XJournal Article20201030<strong>Background:</strong> Healthcare providers widely support breastfeeding as the optimal form of nutrition for infants. Midwives play a vital role in assisting the mothers to initiate and continue breastfeeding. Therefore, they must acquire proper knowledge accompanied by positive attitudes toward breastfeeding during college education. The main aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of diploma midwifery students toward breastfeeding.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A short version of the Australian Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (ABKAQ-SF) was distributed among 72 diploma midwifery students from one community college in July 2018, using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and the statistical significance was set at p <strong>Results:</strong> Results revealed neutral attitudes (a mean score of 3.02±0.36 out of 5), coupled with a lack of breastfeeding knowledge (mean score was 10.07±2.38 out of 22), particularly knowledge regarding breastfeeding problem management. Midwifery students’ knowledge and attitudes scores were significantly correlated with one another (r=0.68, P=0.001). Demographic variables such as age, year of study, residency place, or personal breastfeeding experiences affected neither the students’ breastfeeding knowledge nor their attitudes.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this study highlight the need for reforming the curricula of midwifery colleges. Midwifery curricula should provide in-depth knowledge of human lactation physiology and management and give students the basic skills they need to assist breastfeeding women. At the same time, it should focus on the development of supportive and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding.https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47352_35058609944a4ca27058f56936396f1d.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001Resilience and Associated Factors in Mothers of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study3363454747610.30476/ijcbnm.2021.89691.1630ENMasomehSanayehDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran;0000-0002-9189-4710ManijehNourianDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran;SalehehTajalliNursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran;0000-0002-2045-6430FatemehKhoshnavay FomaniDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran;AmirHeidariDepartment of Cardiovascular, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran;MalihehNasiriDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1496-7442Journal Article20210109<strong>Background:</strong> Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children affects the parents’ mental and physical health and their caring and supportive functions. Resilience is an important factor in health. This study aimed to determine resilience and its associated factors in mothers of children with congenital heart disease. <br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 136 mothers of children with CHD. Samples were selected in two hospitals of Shahid Modarres and Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, via convenience sampling from May to early October 2019. Data were collected using demographics questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Life Orientation Test (LOT), and Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS). Data were analyzed in statistical software SPSS-16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression. The significance level was set at p <0.05.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Mothers’ total mean score of resilience was 94.08±12.81, while 14.7%, 66.2%, and 19.1% had low, moderate, and high resilience, respectively. Regression analysis showed that two variables of social support (B=2.20, p <0.001) and optimism (B=0.76, P=0.003) were associated with resilience in mothers. The duration of the child’s disease was positively correlated with the mothers’ resilience but did not predict it (B=-0.72, P=0.22).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The level of resilience in most mothers was moderate. Social support in the dimension of significant others and optimism were associated with mothers’ resilience. Therefore, holistic care and providing educational training programs that enhance these variables could be effective in promoting resilience in mothers of children with CHD.https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47476_bd046e039cbb47586f6c4075b200ab16.pdfShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranInternational Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery2322-24769420211001Family Caregiver: The Forgotten Savior3463474739610.30476/ijcbnm.2021.90118.1673ENSima SadatHejaziStudent Research Committee, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and
Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;0000-0002-8629-4091MeimanatHosseiniDepartment of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;0000-0002-3458-0491AbbasEbadiBehavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;0000-0002-2911-7005HamidAlavi-MajdDepartment of Biostatistics, Department of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7772-2923Journal Article20210214https://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_47396_8174e863fb5a4ec1e7c8fd470011fb48.pdf