Effect of Teaching Intervention Based on Health Action Process Approach on Self-care behavior in Older People with Hypertension: A Quasi-experimental Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran;

2 Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran;

3 Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran;

4 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran

10.30476/ijcbnm.2025.50727

Abstract

Background: Aging is considered a natural developmental process in which physical, psychological,
and social changes occur; hypertension can be one of these problems. Structured teaching, like the
Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), may improve self-care and health in chronic conditions.
This study aimed to examine the effect of teaching intervention based on HAPA on self-care behavior
in older people with hypertension.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed from October 2023 to March 2024 at Valiasr
health services center affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences; 70 older people were
divided into an intervention group (35 subjects) and a control group (35 subjects). Teaching intervention
was carried out based on HAPA for the intervention group through seven teaching sessions over seven
weeks. Data were collected using demographic and Hypertension Self-care Profile at baseline and 2
months post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with the Chi-square test, Fisher test,
Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistical significance was considered for P value<0.05.
Results: The median of self-care was not significantly different between the control (median: 51(IQR:
54-45)) and intervention groups (median: 50(IQR: 58-47)) before the intervention (P=0.26). Two months
after the intervention, the median of self-care was significantly different between the intervention
(median: 73(IQR: 74-71)) and control groups (median: 50(IQR: 54-45)) (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The HAPA could improve self-care behavior in older people with hypertension. It
is suggested that healthcare authorities should pay attention to HAPA in teaching and preventive
programs for self-care behavior in older people with hypertension.

Keywords

International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery
Volume 13, Issue 2
April 2025
Pages 138-148

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